Fifteen-year fallow altered the dynamics of soil phosphorus and cationic balance of a savannah Alfisol

This study was designed to evaluate changes in the dynamics of soil phosphorus and cationic balances of a savannah soil subjected to 45 years of continuous cultivation under different fertilizer management and later left fallow for 15 years. It was conducted on the experimental plots at the Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Nigeria. Treatments consisted of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), cow dung manure (D) and their combination (DNPK). Results of P fractionation and cationic distribution were compared with previous studies on the same plot 15 years ago. Organic carbon increased from a range of 3–5 g kg^?1 in 1997 to 10.9 g kg^?1 in 2012. Similarly, the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the soil increased from 6.40 cmol_c kg^?1 in 1997 to 16.4 cmol_c kg¹ in the present study. The degree of saturation of the CEC by Ca²⁺ was 68–79% and 10–20% for Mg²⁺, while that of K⁺ was 1.5–2%. Although there was an uneven trend in depletion and enrichment of the various P pools, however, the fallow period substantially improved the CEC and the plant available P pools of the soil by more than 200% and 6–259%, respectively.     

外源镧的吸附对红壤阳离子交换量和溶液组成的影响

采用不同用量外源锋土镧,研究其在红壤上的吸附及对红壤阳离子交换量和溶液组成的影响。结果表明,红壤对Ｌａ＾３＋具有较大的吸附容量和具有较高的可解吸性。当外源Ｌａ＾３＋浓度小于４００ｇｍ／ｋｇ时,被吸附的Ｌａ＾３＋具有较高的非交换性。阳离子交换量受外源镧的影响不显著;当外源镧浓度大于３００ｍｇ／ｋｇ时,土壤盐基饱和度与有效阳离子交换量显著降低,而交换性酸和交换性铝显著增加。浸出液中的盐基离子浓度随外源     

共存阳离子（Ca、Zn、K）对土壤镉有效性的影响

采用盆栽与吸附试验,研究了镉污染赤红壤上,施用相同摩尔浓度的钙、钾与锌对小油菜生物量、镉吸收量及土壤镉吸附的影响。结果表明,低和高镉污染赤红壤上,施用锌明显增加小油菜地上部生物量,较对照分别增产21.1%和7.82%。不同阳离子（钠、钙、钾和锌离子）共存改变土壤吸附镉能力的程度不同,与钠体系相比,钙、钾和锌体系中土壤镉吸附量分别降低65.6%、72.0%和96.9%,共存离子降低土壤镉吸附量的次序为锌离子〉钾离子和钙离子,锌离子的影响最为明显。高镉污染赤红壤上,钙和钾使小油菜吸镉量分别增加5.5%和14.4%,低于低镉污染赤红壤上钙和钾使小油菜吸镉的增加量（分别为16.6%和19.6%）;锌明显降低小油菜吸镉量,高和低镉污染赤红壤上,较对照分别减少45.8%和35.0%。3种阳离子与镉共存时,对土壤镉生物有效性的影响差异取决于竞争吸附与竞争吸收的大小,其机制有待进一步探讨。     

Changes of cation pools of the topsoil in south Swedish beech forests between 1979 and 1989

Repeated analyses of exchangeable K, Ca, Mg and Zn revealed that the pools have decreased significantly in the topsoil (0–5 cm) of south Swedish beech forest during the 1980s. The largest decreases of K, Ca and Mg were found in the originally least acid soils, indicating that the limit for further losses from the topsoil is being approached in the most acid soils at today's deposition climate. The decrease of Zn was, on the other hand, largest in the most acid soils. Manganese had increased in especially the least acid soils, probably due to a conversion from non‐exchangeable pools as a result of the acidity change. The base saturation of the studied beech stands ranged 7.7–58.5% (mean 20.3%). The decrease rate of the exchangeable pools of K, Ca and Mg, estimated from two different time series has been relatively constant since 1949. The Zn pool has, however, decreased faster during the last decade, partly due to a lowered deposition of this element. Extrapolation of the data indicates that, as an average, only 20% of the pools of 1950 will remain in the topsoil in the year 2050.     

武夷山风景区土壤质量分析与评价

[目的]为尽快制定合理保护武夷山风景区生态平衡与生物多样性的措施提供有利的证据。[方法]以2008～2010年武夷山风景区土壤各项指标为研究对象,主要包括土壤孔隙组成、土壤水分状况、土壤有机质、主要养分元素含量和pH、阳离子交换量与腐殖酸组成,研究旅游业开发对武夷山景区土壤质量的影响。[结果]武夷山风景区土壤各项指标呈现波动趋势,但总体上变化不大。[结论]武夷山风景区土壤质量并没有受到旅游业开发的影响。     

红花多枝柽柳扦插育苗研究

利用红花多枝柽柳生根容易、生根快、成活率高的特点,采用不同基质、不同药剂处理,不同部位插穗,插穗不同成熟度等处理进行扦插红花多枝柽柳育苗试验,寻求低成本、简单易行、易于推广,短时间可培育大量种苗的最佳方法。结果表明：嫩枝扦插以草炭︰珍珠岩︰园土=2︰3︰5的基质配比、50 mg/L的NAA＋25 mg/L的IBA药剂处理,硬枝扦插以木质化程度高的基部插穗,生根快、须根多、成活率高、根部发育状况最好。     

“黑珍珠”番茄温室无土栽培技术

"黑珍珠"番茄是近年从国外引进的番茄新品种,果实为红黑色,药食兼用,营养价值高。文章从育苗、基质及营养钵准备、定植、水肥管理、植株调整、病虫害防治、采收等方面介绍了"黑珍珠"番茄温室无土栽培技术。     

昆虫共生菌沃尔巴克氏体(Wolbachia)的wsp基因密码子使用模式分析

沃尔巴克氏体(Wolbachia)主要感染昆虫等节肢动物,是一类革兰阴性共生细菌。为探讨昆虫纲共生菌Wolbachia的系统发育,研究Wolbachia基因组中进化速度较快的外膜蛋白基因wsp的密码子使用模式及影响因素,统计分析该基因的GC含量(GCall、GC1、GC2、GC3、GC3s)、有效密码子数(ENc)、相对同义密码子使用度(RSCU)等指标。结果显示:昆虫纲共生菌Wolbachia的wsp基因密码子偏好性均不强,昆虫纲不同目间共生菌Wolbachia的wsp基因碱基组成及ENc值差异较小;多数基因数据点沿标准曲线或在其附近分布,突变对碱基组成的影响较弱;18种由多个密码子编码的氨基酸中有11种氨基酸的偏好性密码子在昆虫纲7个目及对照蛛形纲1个目间均相同,有2种氨基酸的偏好性密码子在7个目间相同,这些密码子均以A/U结尾;供分析的140个wsp基因中仅编码6个半胱氨酸(Cys);对应分析中第1、第2向量轴贡献率均不高,分别为13.53%和12.49%,均与碱基组成(GC1、GC2、GC3)显著相关。综合各项分析认为,Wolbachia的wsp基因密码子偏好性不具有宿主分类特异性,密码子使用模式主要受碱基组成影响,而碱基组成主要受选择影响。     

一年生黑麦草在不同基肥条件下的生物量研究

在不同基肥条件下，测定一年生黑麦草的产草量、根系长度和深度，结果表明：有机肥每667m^2 1200kg＋复合肥每667m^2 100kg作基肥，一年生黑麦草的产草量最高，达到53226．6kg/hm^2，根系最发达。